{"id":29116,"date":"2025-06-04T03:08:31","date_gmt":"2025-06-04T03:08:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stecvina.com\/?post_type=solution&p=29116"},"modified":"2025-09-22T10:57:16","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T10:57:16","slug":"han-ngach-hfc-la-gi-tai-sao-lai-co-han-ngach","status":"publish","type":"solution","link":"https:\/\/stecvina.com\/en\/solution\/what-is-hfc-quota-why-it-exists\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch HFC l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch HFC<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y (PCCC)<\/strong> \u2013 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed HFC-227ea (FM-200) \u2013 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y lo ng\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch HFC l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y<\/strong>, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5t HFC b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch HFC l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch HFC<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)<\/strong> v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong t\u1eebng n\u0103m, theo m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p b\u1edfi B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HFC l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ea7ng ozone (ODP = 0), nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh (GWP) r\u1ea5t cao<\/strong>, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o danh m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Kigali \u2013 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal<\/strong>, m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tham gia t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ch\u1ea5t HFC v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u 12 lo\u1ea1i HFC ch\u00ednh<\/strong>. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 HFC ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ean ch\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/th>M\u00e3 HFC<\/strong><\/th>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
FM-200<\/em><\/strong><\/td>HFC-227ea<\/em><\/strong><\/td>Kh\u00ed ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y s\u1ea1ch (PCCC)<\/em><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
R-134a<\/td>HFC-134a<\/td>L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u00f4 t\u00f4, t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng<\/td><\/tr>
R-32<\/td>HFC-32<\/td>\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/td><\/tr>
R-125<\/td>HFC-125<\/td>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong gas l\u1ea1nh R-410A<\/td><\/tr>
R-143a<\/td>HFC-143a<\/td>L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn<\/td><\/tr>
R-152a<\/td>HFC-152a<\/td>Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea9y trong b\u00ecnh x\u1ecbt, m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m<\/td><\/tr>
R-245fa<\/td>HFC-245fa<\/td>X\u1ed1p c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0m m\u00e1t tua bin, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC<\/td><\/tr>
R-236fa<\/td>HFC-236fa<\/td>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p HFC nh\u01b0 R-404A, R-407C, R-410A, R-507A d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0nh l\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i HFC nh\u01b0 FM-200 (HFC-227ea) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y kh\u00ed s\u1ea1ch.<\/strong> C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, x\u1ed1p c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong> \u2013 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 95% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng HFC nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch HFC kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/strong>, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/strong> theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal \u2013 b\u1ea3n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i Kigali<\/strong>, m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch HFC g\u1ed3m:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh<\/strong>
    HFC c\u00f3 GWP cao g\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi CO\u2082. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng HFC nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>
    Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t thay th\u1ebf c\u00f3 GWP th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0: R-32, R-290 (cho ng\u00e0nh l\u1ea1nh), ho\u1eb7c IG-55, IG-541, NOVEC 1230 (cho PCCC).<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a quy chu\u1ea9n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/strong>
    L\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 uy t\u00edn, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 EU, M\u1ef9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n…<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    H\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch HFC c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    D\u00f9 HFC-227ea ( FM-200)<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t HFC, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • HFC-227ea ( FM-200)<\/strong> ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 5% trong t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5t HFC nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ki l\u00f4 gram HFC-227ea ( FM-200)<\/strong>, so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      2. Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ea1nh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3 kh\u00ed khi c\u00f3 ch\u00e1y x\u1ea3y ra<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, kho l\u1ea1nh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        3. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y HFC-227ea ( FM-200)<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, th\u1ea9m duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          \ud83d\udc49 Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u00e0nh PCCC h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch HFC hi\u1ec7n nay<\/strong>, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u2013 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng HFC-227ea ( FM-200)<\/strong> trong ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch HFC l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ng\u00e0nh PCCC, v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed HFC-227ea ( FM-200)<\/strong> th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong nh\u00f3m b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n

          \n
          \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

          Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, S-TEC VINA l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00ed HFC-227ea ( FM-200) \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf UL Listed v\u00e0 FM<\/strong> approvals <\/strong>\u2013 hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n uy t\u00edn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong ng\u00e0nh PCCC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Contact\u00a0us\u00a0now <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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          Hotline: 022.6246.0114 \u2013 0386 119 114<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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          VP \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n: T\u00f2a 5, D\u2019capitale, 119 \u0110. Tr\u1ea7n Duy H\u01b0ng, Trung Ho\u00e0, C\u1ea7u Gi\u1ea5y, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9: L\u00f4 CN03, khu CN \u0110\u1ed3ng V\u0103n IV, Ph\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i C\u01b0\u01a1ng, Th\u1ecb x\u00e3 Kim B\u1ea3ng, T\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 Nam<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          <\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":29068,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"solution_cat":[],"solution_tag":[],"class_list":["post-29116","solution","type-solution","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nH\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch HFC l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch ? - stecvina<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch HFC l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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