{"id":3205,"date":"2022-07-30T09:46:30","date_gmt":"2022-07-30T09:46:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stecvina.com\/?post_type=solution&p=3205"},"modified":"2025-11-03T08:02:07","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T08:02:07","slug":"sua-doi-bo-sung-kigali-cua-nghi-dinh-thu-motreal-cat-giam-hfc-va-anh-huong-den-khi-hfc-su-dung-trong-chua-chay-tai-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"solution","link":"https:\/\/stecvina.com\/en\/solution\/kigali-amendment-hfc-reduction-impact-on-fire-fighting\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung Kigali c\u1ee7a Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Motreal, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i chung, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng ozon, gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc, hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 to l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c t\u1ea7ng ozon.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea7ng ozon theo c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t HFC trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Motreal <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 t\u1ea7ng \u00f4-d\u00f4n (ODS) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1987 t\u1ea1i Montreal, Canada. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m 98% c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 t\u1ea7ng \u00f4-d\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ea7ng \u00f4-d\u00f4n tr\u00ean ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 t\u1ea7ng \u00f4-d\u00f4n theo l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0). 197 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n vi\u1ec7c tham gia Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal ng\u00e0y 07\/01\/1994.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung g\u1ed1c ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi d\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea7ng \u00f4-d\u00f4n (ODS) trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t CFC, HCFC, Halon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m h\u01a1n 135 t\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n CO2 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 t\u1ea7ng \u00f4-d\u00f4n trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 1990 – 2010. Theo c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal, c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mang t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn g\u1ea7n 100%, nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed5 sung Kigali<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal \u0111\u00e3 qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung\u00a0 Kigali \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c B\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2016. B\u1ea3n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung Kigali b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t HFC (hydrofluorocarbon). Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t HFC b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung trong ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c F thu\u1ed9c theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t HFC l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea7ng \u00f4-d\u00f4n trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c PCCC.<\/p>\n

L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t HFC theo s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung Kigali<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung Kigali c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb 01\/01\/2019, s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong \u0111i\u1ec1u 2 c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu n\u0103m 2015 \u201c\u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trung b\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u1edf m\u1ee9c 1.5 \u0111\u1ed9 C cao h\u01a1n th\u1eddi k\u00ec ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (1850-1900).<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 cam k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t HFC, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2019 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2024 cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn bao g\u1ed3m l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0110i\u1ec1u 5 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0)<\/p>\n

L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m HFC cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m 1: \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m 2: Belarus, Li\u00ean Bang Nga, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, v\u00e0 Uzbekistan<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m HFC c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nNh\u00f3m 1 \u2013 C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/td>\nNh\u00f3m 2 \u2013 Belarus, Li\u00ean Bang Nga, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, v\u00e0 Uzbekistan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u0103m c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/td>\n2011, 2012 & 2013<\/td>\n2011, 2012 & 2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \/ ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 HFC trong 3 n\u0103m 2011, 2012 v\u00e0 2013, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 15% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \/ ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 HCFC c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \/ ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 HFC trong 3 n\u0103m 2011, 2012 v\u00e0 2013, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 25% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \/ ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 HCFC c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1<\/td>\n2019 | 10%<\/td>\n2020 | 5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2<\/td>\n2024 | 40%<\/td>\n2025 | 35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3<\/td>\n2029 | 70%<\/td>\n2029 | 70%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 4<\/td>\n2034 | 80%<\/td>\n2034 | 80%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 5<\/td>\n2036 | 85%<\/td>\n2036 | 85%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m HFC cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m 1: \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/p>\n

Nh\u00f3m 2: Bahrain, India, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, v\u00e0 UAE. Nh\u00f3m 2 c\u00f3 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n 4 n\u0103m so v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m 1 (n\u0103m 2028 so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2024)<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m HFC c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u00f3m 1 \u2013 C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/td>\nNh\u00f3m 2 \u2013 C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u0103m c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/td>\n2020, 2021 & 2022<\/td>\n2024, 2025 & 2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
T\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \/ ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 HFC trong 3 n\u0103m 2020, 2021 v\u00e0 2022, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 65% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \/ ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 HCFC c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \/ ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 HFC trong 3 n\u0103m 2024, 2025 v\u00e0 2026, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam 65% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \/ ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 HCFC c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/td>\n2024 \u2013 2028<\/td>\n2028 \u2013 2031<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1<\/td>\n2029 | 10%<\/td>\n2032 | 10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2<\/td>\n2035 | 30%<\/td>\n2037 | 20%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 3<\/td>\n2040 | 50%<\/td>\n2042 | 30%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 4<\/td>\n2045 | 80%<\/td>\n2047 | 85%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\n

Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m HFC theo ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed5 sung Kigali, B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 05\/2020\/TT-BCT ng\u00e0y 16\/03\/2020, v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 li\u00ean t\u1ecbch s\u1ed1 47\/2011\/TTLT-BCT-BTNMT ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2011 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1m nh\u1eadp – t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea7ng \u00f4-d\u00f4n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 montreal v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea7ng \u00f4-d\u00f4n. Theo \u0111\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t HFC \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2028 theo l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m HFC c\u1ee7a Nh\u00f3m 1 \u2013 C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Montreal v\u00e0 S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed5 sung Kigali n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c PCCC t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t HFC \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c PCCC t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t HFC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh theo TCVN 7161-1:2009, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y nh\u01b0 sau: HFC-125, HFC-227ea, HFC-23. Trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 HFC-227ea (v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 t\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i FM-200). C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y HFC-125 v\u00e0 HFC-23 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1eeb H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Samsung, LG\u2026<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3, HFC-23 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u1eady hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, do th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 270 n\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 g\u00e2y \u1ea5m l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GWP) \u0111\u1ebfn 14,800. HFC-23 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m II, ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c F c\u1ee7a S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung Kigali, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t t\u1eeb 01\/01\/2020.<\/p>\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t HFC s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c PCCC \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00ed ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y HFC \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea7n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau:<\/p>\n

M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng = Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 GWP x L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed HFC trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y, kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a trong b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3 kh\u00ed ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea3 kh\u00ed do s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u HEEP \u2013 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a HFC, PFS trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng HFC ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y trong 14 n\u0103m (t\u1eeb 2001 \u2013 2015) \u1edf m\u1ee9c < 0.6MMT CO2 \/ n\u0103m, v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i qua c\u00e1c n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 chung tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t HFC cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y chi\u1ebfm t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf trong t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng HFC ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m<\/strong><\/em>. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c, ban th\u01b0 k\u00ed \u00d4-d\u00f4n v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng HFC c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 10\/2015, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng HFC ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y chi\u1ebfm 2-3% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 HFC to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t HFC s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c PCCC \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y cao, m\u1ee9c chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y ho\u00e1 l\u1ecfng, HFC-227ea (FM-200) v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 IG-55, IG-541, FK-5-1-12.<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.ihrce.org.vn\/Ngay-quoc-te-ve-bao-ve-tang-o-don-nam-2019-%E2%80%9C32-nam-noi-tiep-hanh-trinh-bao-ve-tang-o-don%E2%80%9D-133.html<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.dcc.gov.vn\/tin-tuc\/3465\/24-nam-Viet-Nam-gia-nhap-va-thuc-hien-Nghi-dinh-thu-Montreal-ve-cac-chat-lam-suy-giam-tang-o-don.html<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.monre.gov.vn\/Pages\/nghi-dinh-thu-montreal-va-ban-sua-doi,-bo-sung-kigali.aspx<\/p>\n

https:\/\/ozone.unep.org\/sites\/ozone\/files\/Meeting_Documents\/HFCs\/FS_2_Overview_of_HFC_Markets_Oct_2015.pdf<\/p>\n

FM-200\u2122Fire Suppressant Protecting Critical Needs Today and Tomorrow \u2013 Chemours LLC 2016.<\/p>\n

HEEP \u2013 A Program for Tracking Fire Protection Emissions of HFCs and PFCs<\/p>\n

EIA Briefing to the 22nd Conference of the Parties (CoP22) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) November 7-18, 2016, Marrakech, Morocco<\/p>\n

Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the\u00a0 Ozone Layer-UN Introduction to the Kigali Amendment \u2013 OzonAction UN Environment (UNEP)<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> MMT CO2: Tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n CO2 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":28283,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"solution_cat":[],"solution_tag":[25],"class_list":["post-3205","solution","type-solution","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","solution_tag-tin-tuc-khac"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nS\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i Kigali \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed HFC trong PCCC t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"S\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y suy gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea7ng ozon theo c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c PCCC\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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